Area: 55,845 sq. km
Population: 7 million
Capital: Dehradun (interim)
Main Language: Garhwali, Kumaoni & Hindi
Best time to visit: September to October & mid April to mid June

In Sanskrit the name Himalaya means 'Abode of Snow' truly characterizing the vast permanent snowfields of the region. In the heart of these majestic mountains lies the state of Uttaranchal with the Kumaon hills in its east and the Garhwal hills in the west. Uttaranchal is the 27th state of the Republic of India and was formed on 9th Nov 2000. It was carved out of Uttar Pradesh after a long struggle of the Uttaranchali people. Together Garhwal and Kumaon form a sizable wedge in the Central Himalayas, joining Himachal Pradesh in the northwest, Uttar Pradesh in the south and international borders with Nepal and China. The city of Dehradun has been declared as the interim capital of the new state. Though the debate on making Gairsain as the new capital is still on.

Once known as Uttarakhand, the 'Northern Territories' of the pre-Vedic era, this is the domain of the ascetic Lord Shiva, the destroyer and re-creator; it is a land charged with Shakti, the power and energy of goddess Parvati, the consort of Shiva. The earliest historical references to the region are found in the Vedas, paeans to the purity of the Himalayas. Specific mention of the mountains exists in the Mahabharata, dated to about 1000 BC, when the protagonists of the epic, the Pandava Brothers, are said to have ended their life on earth by ascending the slopes of a peak in western Garhwal called Swargarohini, literally meaning the 'Ascent to Heaven'. The epic also mentions this region as the home of the Kirata, Pulinda and Tangara tribes.

Succeeding the Macedonian march across the Himalayan foothills, an imperialist tradition was instituted around 330 AD by the Guptas. This was followed by the Vardhanas in the 5th century AD. The ultimate downfall of the Vardhana Empire saw the emergence of a number of small principalities controlled by petty chiefs. Subsequently, during the time of the Turkish onslaught on the plains they were subject to change in size and power as additional waves of migration took place. Whoever was in power added to the tradition of meditation and worship in these unspoiled mountain enclaves. Today, if a resident is asked about the history of the region, the answer is more likely to be shaped by myth than by chronicle. This is largely due to the efforts of the saint, Adi Shankaracharya, a Namboodri Brahmin from the Malabar in South India. He was almost entirely responsible for the revival of Hinduism in early 9th century AD. At the time that he set out on his reformist mission, Uttarakhand was a medley of mystic cults, naga (snake) worship, Tantric rites and animistic faith. He established a series of dhams and maths (seats of Hindu religion) at elevated sites in the midst of the Himalayas.

Nature has endowed this region with so much beauty and spiritual bliss that the place is also known as 'Dev Bhoomi' or the Abode of Gods. Blessed with magnificent glaciers, sparkling and joyful rivers, gigantic and ecstatic Himalayan peaks, natural biosphere, valley of flowers, skiing slopes and dense forests, this Abode includes many shrines and places of pilgrimage. The four most sacred and revered Hindu temples, namely Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri and Yamunotri are nestled in these Mighty Mountains. This is the land where Vedas and Shastras (Holy Scriptures) were composed and the great Indian epic, the Mahabharata was written. The land has always been the source of inspiration for nature lovers and seekers of peace and spirituality.

Garhwal today remains a land of myth and legend, where every stone tells a story. Kumaon, which lies almost south to the great Himalayan range, is moderate in its constitution. The lie of its land is gentler in its undulations, its lore more lyrical. What permeates the open valleys is a simpler, singular faith in the presiding deity of Kumaon, Nanda Devi, the goddess of Bliss. The graceful peak of Nanda Devi, is visible from almost everywhere in Kumaon. Other famous peaks of Uttaranchal are the Kedarnath, Nilkantha, Trishul, Bandarpunch and Mt. Kamet. The major Glaciers include Gangotri, Pindari, Milam and Khatling. The scenic northwestern corner has hill stations sprinkled along the foothills of the Himalayas with many rivers, tributaries and streams. It offers some excellent trekking and river rafting opportunities. For an Indian, a venture into the Himalayas is more than a mere journey; it is a Yatra. And a pilgrimage does not hold more importance than it does in Garhwal and Kumaon.

Almora
Auli
Badrinath & Kedarnath
Corbett
Dehradun
Gangotri & Yamunotri
Haridwar
Mussoorie
Nainital
Ranikhet
Rishikesh

ALMORA

Almora is a hill district in the central Kumaon region of Uttaranchal. It is perched atop the 5km long saddle-shaped ridge of the Kashyap hill, which is mentioned in ancient scriptures. This beautiful scenic place known for its healthy climate is situated at an altitude of 5900 ft. The town of Almora was founded about 1560 AD by Balo Kalyan Chand, the Raja of Champavat, who later made it the capital of the Chand kingdom. It was ruled by the Chand Rajas upto the 18th century. The Gurkhas ruled for about 25 years, after which it was captured by British and remained under their control till Independence. Almora is the cultural centre of Kumaon. The people have still preserved the traditional customs of the region and one can still find the traditional carved houses with slate covered roofs and flagstone streets. From the town one can have splendid views of the Trishuli, Nanda Devi, Nadakot and other peaks of the Himalayas. In September the Nanda Devi Fair is celebrated here for 3-4 days, which people of many of the surrounding village attend. There are various programs of traditional songs and dances by the village people.

Places to See -

GB Pant Museum - is situated in the heart of the town and contains precious historic artifacts of the Katyuri and the Chand dynasties. Theses have helped to establish the history of this region.

Kalimath - located 5km from Almora, is a beautiful picnic spot. From here one gets a full view of the town and the Hawabagh Valley. it gets its name from the black (kali) soil (math) of the area.

Kasardevi - is situated at a hilltop near Kalimath and has a famous historical temple and a rock inscription of the 6th century. From here one can get splendid views of the snow-clad Himalayas. Scenic beauty is superb. Flowers on Binsar hill are of great tourist attraction. Kesar Devi's temple is nearby to be worth seen.

Mohan Joshi Park - this park is located around a V-shaped artificial lake.

Khagmara - is the site of a fort built by a Katyuri king. Now only a temple remains here.

Simlatola - is a picnic spot is located in an idyllic setting.

Bright End Corner - is a popular viewing point to enjoy the sunrise and sunset on the snow peaks

Deolidanda - is an excellent picnic spot on a grey hill with pine forests. From here one can have fine views of the Himalayas and the Sual river valley.

Almora has many other temples like Udyotchan-deshwar (Nanda Devi Temple), Parbateshwar Temple, Lakshmeshwar Temple, Ashta Bhairava Temple, Nav Durga Temple, Raghunath Temple
Badrinath Temple, Tripurasundri Temple, Khagmara Temple, Ratneshwar Temple and Vivekanand Shila

Around Almora -

Chitai Temple - located about 6km from Almora, is dedicated to the local God, Golju. It is the most sacred temple for the people of Almora and the neighboring villages. The walls of the temple are covered with court stamp papers by those who did not get justice in the court. Around the temple are hanging hundred of bells, which have been donated by those people whose wishes have, been fulfilled.

Jageshwar - located about 34km away, this deodar filled valley has about 160 temples, and each delicately carved and richly ornamented. It is also a Hindu pilgrimage site.

Kasauni - located 53 km north of Almora at 6075ft, is a picturesque hill station nestling amongst thick, dense pine forests, atop a narrow ridge and separated from the towering mountains of the Nanda Devi range by low, medium mountains. Here, the grandeur of the Himalayan scenery comes alive. The view of the snow covered Trishul and Nanda Devi is so clear that one gets a feeling of the snows being within touching distance. It's ethereal sunrise and spectacular 300km wide view of the Himalayas have attracted thousands of visitors to this place time and again.

Places to see include the Anasakti Ashram, a quiet and revered place where Mahatma Gandhi had spent some days. Set against the breathtaking beauty of the Himalayas, this Ashram offers a good resting-place for travelers. Bright End Corner is a popular viewpoint to see the scenery of sunrise and sunset. The mountains present new a beauty every moment.

Pindari Glacier, 122km from Kasauni is a trekker's paradise. At an altitude 3353m, it is situated at the foot of Nanda Kot and Nanda Khat Mountains. Close to the glacier is an open meadow and lofty moraine made of gravel, mud and blocks of snow. The trek to the glacier starts from Kapkote, which is the last bus terminus. The trekking route passes through waterfalls, pine forests, meadows and offers magnificent views of the peaks.

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AULI

Auli is nestled in the lap of snow-capped peaks of the Garhwal Himalayas, in the Chamoli district of Uttaranchal and near the world-famous religious shrine of Badrinath. The Auli slopes, descending from 3050m to 2915m are flanked by stately conifers and oaks, which cut wind velocity to the minimum. These well-dressed slopes not only offer a panoramic view of the mountains, but are also an ideal ski resort with slopes comparable to the best in the world. Adding to the thrill of skiing is a 180-degree view of Himalayan peaks, which include Nanda Devi (7817m), Kamet (7756m), Mana Parvat (7273m) and Dunagiri (7066m), seemingly only a snowballs throw away.

Skiing in Auli - The conditions for skiing are perfect at Auli. A 500m long ski-lift and an 800m long chair-lift link the upper and lower slopes, and snow beaters and snow-packing machines maintain the smoothness of the slopes. Skiers can enjoy almost 20km of virgin slopes, which provide excellent opportunities for cross-country slalom and downhill skiing events. The Skiing season extends from January to March during which time skiing festivals and the National Championships are held.

While its slopes beckon daring and gallant skiing enthusiasts, its pristine natural beauty and its alpine atmosphere lure many tourists. A haven for those who want to escape the humdrum of everyday life, conquer their fear of heights, savour nature in its purest form or just throw snowballs at each other.

Auli is not only the battle-ground for experienced skiers, who come here armed with their skiing equipment, it is also a training ground for those aspiring to ski skillfully with the help of expert guidance. The Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam (GMVN) conducts 7 and 14 days skiing courses and also provides special provisions for day tourists. Ski equipment is also available on hire.

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BADRINATH & KEDARNATH

The temples of Vishnu and Shiva at Badrinath and Kedarnath respectively, have been the destination of pilgrims for centuries. Every devout Hindu aspires to visit these shrines once in his lifetime. Once reached after tortuous treks but easily accessible today by road. At Uttarkashi at a height of over 3000m the snow melts to form the sacred rivers of Ganga and Yamuna is a deep recess of the mountains. The route to the two sources begins at Rishikesh and passes ancient temples and Valleys along the way. The Shrines are open from 1st week of May up to the festival of Diwali in October/November. The towns close up for the severe winter season and everyone moves down to towns lower down the slopes.

BADRINATH (3122m) - is considered the holiest of the four main shrines of Uttarakhand. The town, situated on the left bank of the Alaknanda, is equidistant from the Twin Mountains of Nara and Narayan. Badrinath is on the itinerary of every devout Hindu. The place is also known as Badri Van after the forest of Badri trees, which grow here. The present temple was built about two centuries ago by the kings of Garhwal. The principal idol in the temple is of black stone and represents Vishnu seated in a meditative pose, and flanked by Nara-Narayan. Badrinath is also known as Vishal Badri and is one of the Panch Badris.

The temple remains closed from October to April due to severe winter conditions. During this period the idols of Utsavo Murti are taken to Pandukeshwar. It is said that "There are many sacred spots of pilgrimage in the heavens, earth and the nether world, but there has been none equal to Badri, nor shall there be"

The temple shows an unmistakable resemblance to Buddhist shrines. In front of the temple is the Tapt Kund, a tank where the Alaknanda and Rishi Ganga rivers meet. It is a hot water spring with medicinal properties.

Places to See -

Badrinath Temple - has been renovated several times due to damage by avalanches. The present structure is 15m high and has a gilded cupola. The Rawal or chief priest of the temple is a Namboodri Brahmin from Kerala. The temple is divided into three parts, the Garbha Griha or sanctum sanctorum, the Darshan Mandap where the rituals are conducted and the Sabha Mandap where devotees assemble.

Tapt Kund - are the famous hot springs just below the temple. The sulphurous waters have a temperature of 550C. A dip, considered holy and refreshing to the body as well as the soul, is a must before offering prayers to Shri Badrinathji.

Neelkanth - is one the majestic peaks of the Himalayas, towering to 6600m. It presents the most dramatic sight of Badrinath.

Mata Murti Mandir - located about 3km from Badrinath, on the right bank of the Alaknanda stands this temple, dedicated to the mother of Shri Badrinath.

Vyas Gufa (cave), Ganesh Gufa, Bhimpul and Vasudhara Falls are within the range of 3-6 km. All these destinations are famous for their links with Hindu mythology and form part of the pilgrimage to Badrinath.

Mana Village - located about 4km away is the last Indian village before Tibet on this route. It is inhabited by an Indo-Mongolian tribe.

KEDARNATH - set amidst the stunning mountainscape of the Garhwal Himalayas, Kedarnath is located at the head of the Mandakini River. The temple, believed to be very ancient, has been continually renovated over the centuries. According to legend, Lord Shiva wished to elude the Pandava brothers of the Mahabharata and took refuge in Kedarnath in the form of a bull. When the Pandavas followed him here, too, he divided into the ground leaving behind him a hump on the surface. This conical protrusion is worshipped as the idol in the shrine. The linga at Kedarnath, unlike its usual form, is pyramidal and is regarded as one of the 12 jyotirlingas. The shrine is closed on the first day of Kartik (October/November) and reopened in Vaishak (April/May). During its nine months of closure the shrine is submerged in snow and worship is performed at Ukhimath.

Places to See -

Kedarnath Temple - the main shrine dedicated to Lord Shiva was renovated and refurbished by the religious reformer and saint, Adi Shankaracharya in the 8th century AD. Outside the temple door a large statue of Nandi the bull, stands as a guard.

Samadhi Of Adi Shankarcharya - located behind the Kedarnath Temple is the samadhi or the final resting-place where the saint gave up his life.

Bhairav Nath Temple - located towards the south of the main temple stands the temple of Lord Bhairav, the deity who guards the Kedarnath Temple in winter, when it is closed.

Gandhi Sarovar - is a small lake from where Yudhishthir, the eldest of the Pandava brothers, is said to have departed to heaven.

Vasuki Tal - located about 6km away at 4135m, this extraordinary lake is surrounded by high mountains and offers an excellent view of the Chaukhamba peaks.

Around Kedarnath -

Gauri Kund - located 15km before, is the trekking base to Kedarnath and the road head, this village has a temple dedicated to Gauri and also thermal springs of medicinal value.

Triyuginarayan - located about 25km before Kedarnath and a short trek of 5km from Son Prayag (the confluence of the Son Ganga and Mandakini rivers) is the legendary venue where the wedding of Lord Shiva and Parvati was solemnized. An eternal flame, which is said to have been witness to the marriage, burns in front of the temple even today.

Gupt Kashi - located about 49km away, this place is famous for the temples of Ardhnarishwar and Vishwanathji.

Ukhimath - located 60km below is the winter home of Lord Kedarnath and the seat of the Rawal (chief priest) of Kedarnath.

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CORBETT NATIONAL PARK

One of the finest habitats of the tiger in India, the Corbett National Park nestles in the foothills of the Himalayas, in the area known as South Patlidun. Extending over a tract of 521 sq. km, the park is a large valley with forested ridges running through it. The Ramganga River winds through its entire length in a south-westerly direction and the numerous forest streams and rivulets that flow into it, carve up the area into little ridges and ravines. Dense stands of sal and mixed deciduous forests are found throughout the Park while the 'chaurs' or the grasslands in the valleys, about one tenth of the core area, offer visitors a better view of the wildlife. With elevations in the Park ranging from 400m to 1210m there is a rich diversity in habitat. Flora and fauna of the Himalayas and those of peninsular India can both be seen here.

With its varied topography, diverse flora and fauna and the natural splendor of its landscapes the Park is a precious heritage. Established in 1936, this reserve was known as the Hailey National Park. It was later renamed after Jim Corbett the famous hunter, author and pioneer conservationist who helped set up this wildlife sanctuary. Corbett was the first designated Project Tiger Reserve, in 1973, though its tigers are extremely elusive. There are viewing towers as well as elephant/jeep rides for visitors, every morning and evening.

Among the predators are the tiger, leopard and the dhole (wild dog). There are antelopes, nilgai (blue bull), and varieties of deer, primates (rhesus and langur) and other animals like jackals, foxes, civets, wild boar, sloth bear, and black bear. Elephant herds and a range of reptiles including cobra, python and crocodiles. The rare fish eating, long snouted gharial and the more robust mugger (a large marsh crocodile) can be seen basking along the sand-banks and pools of the Ramganga. The river, which is also noted for its sporting fish, the mighty mahaseer is also popular with anglers. A fine reservoir on the river formed with the building of a dam at Kalagarh attracts diverse species of birds, both local and migratory. Bird life ranges from water birds such as the pied kingfisher to pheasants and birds of prey, including the crested serpent eagle, Pallas's fishing eagle and Himalayan grey-headed fishing eagle.

The best season to be here is Mid November to Mid June or April/ May. The park remains closed from Mid-June to Mid-November.

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GANGOTRI & YAMUNOTRI

GANGOTRI - located in the hinterlands of the Himalayas in the Garhwal region is Gangotri (3140m) where it is believed the Ganga touched earth for the first time. According to the Hindu religious scriptures, the heavenly goddess Ganga manifested herself in the form of a river to absolve the sins of King Sagar's sons. After three generations of severe penance, performed over several centuries, Ganga conceded to descend to the Earth. At the legendary source of the river, Goddess Ganga is worshipped in the form of deity. Gangotri is one of the Char Dhams of Uttaranchal, the other three being Yamunotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath.

Places to See -

Gangotri temple - was built in the early 18th century by a Gurkha commander, Amar Singh Thapa and later rebuilt by the Maharaja of Jaipur, in the early 20th century. The 20ft high temple is made of white granite. By November, Gangotri is snowbound, and so the deity is taken 25km downstream to Mukhba, so that her devotees are not thwarted. Despite the severe cold, however, several "Sadhus" (sages or holy men) remain at Gangotri year round, even through the very severe winter.

Submerged Shiva linga - a natural rock Shiva linga, which according to legend, is the site where Lord Shiva sat to receive Ganga in his matted locks. The linga is visible only when the water is clear during the winter months.

Around Gangotri -

Nandanvan & Tapovan - Nandanvan is 6km of difficult trekking along the glacier on the same side as Gaumukh. It is also a base camp for the Bhagirathi peaks and affords a stunning view of the Shivlinga peak. Tapovan is across the snout of the Gangotri Glacier and requires trekking experience to reach. It is known for its exquisite meadows, which encircle the base of the Shivlinga peak.

Bhairon Ghati - is a wooded area located about 9km from Gangotri towards Uttarkashi. There is the temple of Bhairav Nath here.

Kedartal - is an enchanting lake that lies 18km from Gangotri at 15,000ft above sea level. It is a base camp for trekking to the surrounding peaks.

Gaumukh - located 18km further uphill from Gangotri, is the identified source of the river Ganga, which gushes out of the Gangotri glacier, here. The trek to Gaumukh (4200m) is gradual, and several pilgrims undertake the journey to pay homage to the river at its known source. The Gangotri glacier is situated at a height of 4255m. It starts from the Chaukhamba cluster of snow peaks near Badrinath and extends to Gaumukh.

Gangnani - 53 km is famous for its thermal springs and a close up view of the Himalayan peaks, situated at 1855m

Harsil (2620m) - located 24km away amidst the incredible beauty of mountain peaks is a quiet resort. It is known for the Wilson cottage built in 1864 and the Sat Tal (Seven lakes). It is an ideal base for various treks that introduce one to meadows, waterfalls and valleys. The 7km trek to Sat Tal is rewarding, as this group of lakes is situated amidst beautiful natural surroundings.

YAMUNOTRI - is one of the Char Dhams of Uttaranchal and revered in Hindu mythology as the source of the river Yamuna. The origin of the river Yamuna is the Champasar Glacier near Yamunotri. Though it is very difficult to reach the exact source of the holy river, pilgrims flock to the shrine, which stands on the western flank of the Bandarpunch peak (20731ft). Legend has it that a sage, Asit Muni, used to reside at this secluded spot. The hot springs here are also an attraction. From Rishikesh, a 220km journey takes one to Hanuman Chatti where the motorable road ends. The remaining 13km to Yamunotri must be covered on foot or on ponies. The trail winds through rugged mountains and dense forests. Porters and palanquins are also available on hire.

Places to See -

Yamunotri Temple - the present temple was built by Maharani Gularia of Jaipur in the 19th century. In 1923, the temple was destroyed by an earthquake, but subsequently rebuilt. Here a holy dip in the tank filled by hot springs, and cooking rice in its water are part of the rituals. The temple is open from May to November.

Surya Kund - there are a number of thermal springs in the vicinity of Yamunotri. The most important of these, Surya Kund, has a temperature of 190 degree F. Pilgrims tie rice and potatoes in a muslin cloth, and immerse it in the water to be cooked.

Divya Shila - is a rock pillar, which is worshipped before entering the Yamunotri temple.

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DEHRADHUN

The interim capital of the State of Uttaranchal is nestled in the Shivalik Hills in the fertile Doon Valley with the rivers Ganga flowing in the east and Yamuna in the west. Dehra means camp and the town derives its name from the event when the Sikh Guru Ram Rai had camped here. The epic Mahabharata relates that area was the Ashram of Guru Dronacharya, the teacher of the Pandava Brothers. The area was once a stronghold of the Garhwal kings and later appropriated by the British as a residential resort.

The valley is well known for its salubrious climate and natural beauty. It is due to this reason, Dehradun has been one of the favorite residential cities. It is also an important educational centre of the country. Some of the best public schools and convents are housed here. The famous Indian Military Academy is also situated here. The climate is conducive to the growth of fruit trees and Dehradun is famous for its fruit orchards.

Places to See -

Forest Research Institute - established by the British in the early years of this century, the Institute is one of the finest of its kind in the world. Across the six galleries of its Museum are laid out some of the best collections of specimens of flora and fauna.

Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology - this institute is also worth a visit for its museum that contains rock samples, semi-precious stones and fossils.

Tapkeshwar Temple - dedicated to Lord Shiva, the temple is located beside a stream, which is directed to flow onto the lingam. During the festival of Shivaratri, a large fair is held here.

Robber's Cave - popularly known as Guchhu Pani, it is situated 8km from Dehradun. The last kilometer has to be covered on foot. The cave is a picnic spot, surrounded by hills. Here, water vanishes underground only to reappear after a few yards in the form of a stream.

Around Dehradun -

Sahastradhara - located 14km away is a sulphur water spring, having high medicinal value. The dripping caves and a refreshing bath on the Baldi river, all set in a breathtaking environ, offer an exhilarating experience.

Rajaji National Park - located 15km away, this thickly forested sanctuary spreads all the way to Dehradun. It is known for its elephants, barking deer, leopards, sambar and fowls.

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HARIDWAR

Haridwar, literally meaning 'Gateway to God', is one of the first towns where the Ganga emerges from the mountains to touch the plains. The town is located on the right bank of the river and stands at the foothills of Shivalik mountains. And that's why the water is crystal clear and cool. Lush green forests and small ponds adorn the scenic beauty of this holy land. Associated with both Lord Shiva and Vishnu, Haridwar is among the seven sacred places where the maximum spiritual merit may be acquired. It is also one of the four venues for the Kumbha Mela, held in its magnitude every twelve years.

Mentioned variously as Mayapuri, Gangadwar, Mokshadwar, Kapilsthan, in the ancient scriptures and epics, Haridwar stands as the gateway to the four pilgrimages of Uttaranchal, namely Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri and Yamunotri. Being one of the oldest living cities, Haridwar finds its mention in the ancient Hindu scriptures as it weaves through the life and time stretching from the period of Buddha to the more recent British advent. Down the ages, it has retained a special importance as being the ever-refreshing mystic venue for the purification of the mind, body and soul. This was the place of meditation for sages and rishis (holy men). It is one of the venues of the Kumbha Mela that takes place once every 12 years and the Ardh (half) Kumbha Mela, which comes once every six years.

At all times, Haridwar is a splash of colour with saffron-robed sadhus (sages) and gaily-dressed devotees wandering in and out of the ghats and temples. People carry the holy water from the Ganges, which is said to be pure and remain fresh for years. Devotees throng this place to take a holy dip in the Ganges and every evening Aarti (ritual prayer) is performed at the Har-ki-Pauri Ghat, which is a sight indeed, as thousands of diyas (lamps) and marigold flowers float and illuminate the Holy waters.

Essentially a religious centre, which holds promise of salvation for devotees, Haridwar is also a centre of herbal medicine, and traditional studies at Gurukul Kangri. There are many places of scenic beauty on the outskirts of the town.

Places to See -

Har-ki-Pauri - is the main and most sacred Ghat (riverbank) of the Ganga in Haridwar. This ghat gets it name from a footprint believed to be impressed by Lord Vishnu on a stone in one of, its upper walls. It is the exact spot where the Ganges leaves the mountains and enters the plains. The Kumbha Mela is held in the precincts of this ghat after every 12 years. A holy dip at this ghat is a must for every devotee. The Aarti of the Ganga is held here every evening and is a truly delightful scene with the setting sun contributing to the beauty of it all.

Mansa Devi Temple - located on top of Bilwa Parvat (hill) is dedicated to the Goddess Mansa Devi, a deity believed to fulfil the mansa (wishes) of her devotees. Beautiful views over the countryside can be had from here. A Ropeway carriage operates between Upper Road, near the railway station and Mansa Devi Temple.

Chandi Devi - this temple located atop the Neel Parvat on the other bank of river Ganga was constructed in 1929 by the King of Kashmir, Suchat Singh. The temple is a 3km trek from Chandi Ghat. Legend has it that Chanda-Munda the army chief of the local demon king, Shumbha-Nishumbha, was killed by Goddess Chandi (a form of Durga) here. It is believed that the main statue was established by the saint and reformist Adi Shankaracharya in 8th Century AD. The temple is now also accessible by a ropeway, though some devotees still prefer the trek. A panoramic view of Haridwar can be enjoyed from the temple

Pawan Dham - is a place famous for its Hanuman Temple decorated with glass pieces.

Mayadevi Temple - located to the east of Har-ki-Pauri ghat is an ancient temple dedicated to Maya Devi the deity of Haridwar. Legend relates that when Shiva was carrying the corpse of his first wife, Sati, her body disintegrated and her heart and navel fell here.

Gurukul Kangri University - located on the outskirts of the town is a centre of learning where education is imparted in the traditional Indian way. It was founded by Swami Shardha Nandji Maharaja. Within the precincts of the University is the Veda Mandir, which houses many archaeological exhibits.

Sapt Rishi Ashram - located about 5km from Haridwar, on the way to Rishikesh, is a site where the Ganges splits into seven (sapt) currents and flows in seven streams in front of this Ashram. Legend relates that the split in the Ganges descent took place at this point to avoid distributing the seven rishis (sages) who were meditating here.

Temples - There are several other temples and ashrams in and around Haridwar such as Bharat Mata temple, Parmarth Ashram

Around Haridwar -

Chila Wildlife Sanctuary - located about 10km away is part of the larger Rajaji National Park and covers an area of around 240 sq. km. It attracts wildlife lovers with its pristine scenic beauty and rich bio-diversity. It has many species of fauna such as elephants, leopard, jungle cat, Himalayan yellow throated marten, sambar, chital, barking dear, wild boar, langur, sloth bear, king cobra and a variety of birds. The river shelters fish in abundance and fishing is allowed with permits. The best time to visit is mid November to mid June.

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MUSSOORIE

Located at an altitude of 2000m and about 36km uphill from Dehradun, Mussoorie has been a popular hill station since it was 'discovered' in 1823 by Captain Young of the British army. This erstwhile aristocratic resort is now a popular hill station and promises a variety of entertainments throughout the year. It offers views of both the Himalayan ranges to the north and the Shivaliks and plains to the south.

Places to See -

Bhadraj Temple - this temple is dedicated to Balbhadra, the brother of Lord Krishna. There are good views of the Doon Valley and Chakrata ranges from here.

Children's Lodge - a powerful telescope is installed here and the view of the snow from this spot is exhilarating.

Gun Hill - is the second highest peak of Mussoorie. During pre-independence days a gun mounted on this top used to be fired heralding mid-day to enable people to adjust their watches, hence this name. It offers a beautiful panoramic view of the Himalayan ranges namely Bunderpunch, Srikantha, Pithwara and the Gangotri Group on one side and the Doon Valley on the other. Enjoy a Ropeway ride to the top. The sheer thrill of the ride is memorable. It can also be negotiated by bridle path which forks-off from Mall Road near Kutchery. A climb takes about twenty minutes.

Walks - there are a number of walks around Mussoorie which are excellent for providing the best of nature and complete tranquility such as Camel's Back Road, Charleville Road, Tehri Road, Sister Bazaar Road and Spring Road

Municipal Garden - is a picnic spot having a beautiful garden and an artificial mini lake with boating facilities.

Van Chetna Kendra - located about 2km on the By Pass road, this place is developed as a picnic spot and has a park with wildlife to be seen surrounded with pine forest and flowering shrubs.

Around Mussoorie -

Nag Devta Temple - located about 6km away, this is an ancient temple dedicated to the Snake God. It provides a charming view of Doon Valley as well as of Mussoorie.

Kempty Falls - located 15km from Mussoorie on the Yamunotri Road at an altitude of 4500ft, it is one of the biggest and prettiest waterfalls located in a beautiful valley surrounded by high mountains. A bath at the foot of the falls is refreshing and enjoyable and is a popular picnic spot.

Jwalaji Temple - located atop the Benog Hill about 9km to the west of Mussoorie and at an altitude of 2104m is this Temple dedicated to Goddess Durga. The temple is surrounded by thick forests and offers a panoramic view of the Himalayan peaks, Doon valley and Yamuna valley.

Yamuna Bridge - located about 27km away on the Chakrata Barkot Road, is an ideal spot for fishing under permits

Dhanaulti - located about 25km away amidst thick forests of deodar, rhododendron and oak has an atmosphere of perfect peace and tranquility. The long wooded slopes, lazy outings, cool caressing breeze, warm and hospitable inhabitants, lovely weather and fabulous view of snow covered mountains makes it an ideal retreat for a relaxed holiday.

Surkhanda Devi Temple - is located about 33km from Mussoorie and 8km beyond Dhanaulti. Located on a hilltop at an altitude of about 2903m and thickly covered by dense forests it offers a panoramic view of the Himalayas. A fair is held every year on 'Ganga Dussehra in May/June which is a attended by thousands of devotees from far and wide.

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NAINITAL

Nainital, the city of lakes, lies in the lap of the Kumaon Hills surrounded by seven mountains. The first recorded discovery of this now popular hill station of Nainital, was in 1841 when a British, Mr. Barron, chanced upon the lake. Moved by the scenic beauty of the lake and thickly forested hills, he constructed a house named Pilgrim's Cottage. It was the first of many residences, which were to transform Nainital into a popular resort. By 1858, Nainital became a well-known hill station, and within a few years the summer seat of the provincial government. Nainital was the summer capital of Uttar Pradesh before Uttaranchal was carved out for many years during the British regime and also after independence.

The origin of Nainital traces back to legend. It is said that when Lord Shiva was carrying the corpse of his first wife Sati, her body disintegrated and her eyes (naina) fell here near the lake. At this site now stands the Naina Devi temple. The waters of the lake are therefore considered sacred and the Naina Devi temple is the venue of an autumnal fair. In ancient times, the lake was know as the Tri Rishi Sarovar, the lake of three rishis (sages) namely Atri, Pulastya and Pulaha.

Nainital is divided into two segments, Tallital and Mallital, at the lower and upper ends of the lake, respectively. The North Mall running along one side of the lake, and the South Mall along the other, connect the two parts. On the shores of the lake, at Mallital stands the beautiful temple of Naina Devi. Nainital offers a number of enchanting lakeside picnic spot and many pleasant walks. Trekking, yachting, boating and fishing are other attractions. Its quaint cottages, colourful markets, the sylvan landscape and the charming lake at the very heart of it, make Nainital a delightful place.

Places to See -

Naini Lake - the dramatic lake of Nainital is set in a mountain hollow at an altitude of 1938m. A little over 3km in circumference it is encircled by graceful willows. This kidney-shaped lake with its clear waters changing hue with the passage of the day, is the centre point around which the whole town revolves. Boating facilities are available. A Regatta is held here every summer and autumn.

Naina Peak - at 2611m this is the highest peak bordering the lake. It is a popular picnic spot, which offers a panoramic view of the Himalayas. The whole town can be seen spread below in all its loveliness from here.

St. John's Church - built in 1847, soon after the British arrived, the church contains a brass memorial to the victims of the famous landslide. The few bodies that could be uncovered from the rubble were buried in the graveyard here.

Snow View - situated at 2270m this is a popular viewpoint accessible by chair lift (ropeway). It offers an excellent view of the northern Himalayan ranges. At the top there are powerful binoculars for a close-up view of the Nanda Devi peak.

Dorothy's Seat - named in the memory of an English woman who was killed in an air crash, this pleasant spot offers a partial view of Nainital.

Land's End - situated at 2881m on the southern border of the lake, this hill affords a view of another lake, Khurpa Tal.

Hanuman Garhi - located 3km south of Tallital, this is a temple dedicated to the monkey god Hanuman. It also offers good views and spectacular sunsets over the plains.

The Mall - is Nainital's popular promenade that offers a variety of entertainment

Around Nainital -

Lakes - there are a number of other lakes around Nainital such as Khurpa Tal, 10km away is good for angling. Sat Tal, located 21km away is one of the most picturesque resorts of Kumaon, it has seven interconnected lakes. Bhim Tal, located 22km away offers a quite vacation and facilities for water sports. Naukuchiya Tal, is a nine-cornered lake located 26km away. Situated in an enchanting valley, this is a popular haunt of anglers, naturalists and bird watchers.

Ramgarh - located 26km away is a picturesque hamlet set in the midst of fruit orchards. This fruit belt of Kumaon is famous for its juicy fruits all over India.

Mukteshwar - located 51km from Nainital and set atop a high ridge, this is one of Kumaon's most beautiful resorts. It abounds in fruit orchards and dense coniferous forests. It also offers a fine view of the majestic Himalayas. The famous Indian Veterinary Research Institute is located here.

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RANIKHET

Located north of Nainital and at an altitude of 1829m, this sylvan retreat offers an interesting mix of hill and military cultures. It is an important army town and the headquarters of the Kumaon regiment. According to legend, a Rani (queen), in the course of a journey came here and was so enchanted by its beauty that she settled down here. Ranikhet has forests of oak and pine and is a fine place to enjoy a panoramic view of the Himalayas from the Bhagirathi peaks in the west to Nanda Kot in the east. It is an ideal holiday spot for nature lovers

Places to See -

Jhoola Devi Temple - is a secluded temple dedicated to Goddess Durga. It has beautiful bells, echoes of which can be heard from some distance. Nearby is a temple of Lord Rama.

Chaubatia - is a viewpoint set amidst gardens and orchards. The Government Fruit Research centre is located here. On a clear morning a 300km wide view of the snow-clad Himalayan peaks including the Nanda Devi, Trisul, Nanda Ghunti and Neelkanth peaks can be seen clearly from here.

Upat & Kalika - situated on the road to Almora, Upat has a 9-hole golf course, while Kalika is famous for its Kali Temple and forest nursery.

Bhaludam - located about 3km away is an artificial lake.

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RISHIKESH

Situated 24km upstream from Haridwar, on the right bank of River Ganga, Rishikesh has long been a spiritual centre. The holy river emerging from the high mountains not far from here runs deep and silent through the thickly wooded hills of the Terai that straddles this region. A breathtaking experience of natural beauty awaits here. Not to mention the peace and tranquillity of a landscape associated with 'rishi-munis' (sages and holy men) and meditation. According to legend, sage Raibhya Rishi did severe penance here and as a reward, God appeared to him in the form of a Rishi (sage), hence the name. Today, Rishikesh has become a centre for learning and research in yoga and meditation - the renowned Indian methods for mental and physical health.

Rishikesh is one of the most popular pilgrim centres and gateway to the Himalayan shrines of Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri and Yamunotri. There are numerous ashrams, bathing ghats and shrines along the Ganges. Some of the ashrams are internationally recognised as centres of philosophical studies, yoga and meditation. The Yoga Centres of Rishikesh have enhanced the significance of the place. The International Yoga Festival that attracts participation from all across the world is held here annually for one week in the month of February on the banks of the serene Ganga.

Adventure Opportunities - for the adventurous, there are many opportunities for rafting on the Ganga and trekking. Rafting expeditions are organized at Brahmpuri, 10km from Rishikesh and Shivpuri, which is 18km away.

Places to See -

Triveni Ghat - one of the popular bathing ghats, is an interesting place to be at dawn when people make offerings of milk to the river and feed fishes. After sunset, priests set floating lamps on the water during the Aarti (ritual prayer ceremony). There are many temples around this ghat including the Bharat Mandir, which is one of the oldest in the area.

Lakshman Jhoola - is a suspension bridge across the Ganga River along the old route to the holy shrines of Badrinath and Kedarnath. This rope-bridge, without any pillars or other support is 140m long and was originally built of jute. The precarious jute ropes were changed to more stable iron chains in 1929. In an episode of the epic Ramayana, it is said that this is where Lord Rama's brother Lakshman crossed the river on a rope and meditated. On the west bank is the old Nearby is the Lakshman temple dedicated to Rama's brother. Across the river is the 13-storey Kailashanand Mission Ashram, which has good views from the top. A pleasant 2km walk along this bank brings one to the Shivanand Jhoola, also known as Ram Jhoola. This is a recently completed suspension bridge, which spans the river.

Neelkanth Mahadev - located about 12km away, is a Shiva temple situated at atop a hill at 1700m across the Ganga. According to mythological accounts during Sagar Manthan (the churning of the Ocean), Lord Shiva drank all the effluent venom here, which turned his throat (kanth) blue (neel). Hence, Shiva is also known as Neelkanth. It offers a picturesque view of the Himalayas.

Kanva Rishi Ashram - a tourist hut and the developing Malan Sanctuary mark the site of what was once Saga Kanva's ashram.

Divine Life Society - or the Shivanand Ashram was formed by Swami Shivananda in 1936. It helps disillusioned human beings, which find happiness once again. It works on the principle that all religions are one and each has much to give and to learn from the other religions.

There are several other temples and ashrams in the region such as Swarg Ashram, Rishi Kund, Raghunath Temple, Shatrughan Temple, Gita Bhawan, Parmarth Niketan, Kailash Ashram and the Academy of Meditation.

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